Nanobody–Antigen Conjugates Elicit HPV-Specific Antitumor Immune Responses

HPV vaccination in HIV+ adolescents and young adults induces strong HPV-specific immune responses

Background HPV-associated ano-genital infections represent the most common sexually-transmitted disease in the general population. The incidence of HPV-associated cancers has been increasing in HIV-infected patients. HPV vaccination may be an approach to reduce the risk of HPVassociated cancers in HIV-infected patients and a combined strategy of screening and vaccination may guarantee an adequa...

Alarm calls elicit predator-specific physiological responses.

Glucocorticoids regulate glucose concentrations and responses to unpredictable events, while also modulating cognition. Juvenile Belding's ground squirrels (Urocitellus beldingi) learn to respond to whistle and trill alarm calls, warning of aerial and terrestrial predators, respectively, shortly after emerging from natal burrows at one month of age. Alarm calls can cause physiological reactions...

Tumor-Specific Immune Responses and Present Their Antigens to Elicit Dendritic Cells Capture Killed Tumor Cells

Human neoplasms elicit multiple specific immune responses in the autologous host.

Expression of cDNA libraries from human melanoma, renal cancer, astrocytoma, and Hodgkin disease in Escherichia coli and screening for clones reactive with high-titer IgG antibodies in autologous patient serum lead to the discovery of at least four antigens with a restricted expression pattern in each tumor. Besides antigens known to elicit T-cell responses, such as MAGE-1 and tyrosinase, numer...

Antitumor immune responses mediated by dendritic cells

Dendritic cells (DCs) are essential for the induction of adaptive immune responses against malignant cells by virtue of their capacity to effectively cross-present exogenous antigens to T lymphocytes. Dying cancer cells are indeed a rich source of antigens that may be harnessed for the development of DC-based vaccines. In particular, malignant cells succumbing to apoptosis, rather than necrosis...